Chapter 1 Some Tools Scientists Use |
+ 12 Lab experiments |
1.1 Observing |
1. Measurements and Sig Figs |
1.2 Classifying |
2. Use of Chemical Balances |
1.3 Measuring |
3. Use of Volumetric Ware and Determination of Density |
1.4 The Metric System |
4. Physical and Chemical Changes |
1.5 Significant Figures |
5. Separation and Analysis |
1.6 Scientific Notation |
6. Use of Melting Point |
1.7 Calculating |
7. Hydrocarbons |
Chapter 2 Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter |
8. Reactions of Alcohols and Phenols |
2.1 What is Matter? |
9. A study of Carbohydrates |
2.2 Atoms |
10. Amino Acids and Proteins |
2.3 The Structure of Atoms |
11. Enzyme's Natures Catalyst |
2.4 Isotopes |
12. Factors that influence Enzyme Activity |
2.5 Relative Atomic Masses |
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2.6 The Electronic Structures of Atoms |
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2.7 The Periodic Law and Table |
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2.8 The Electronic Structure of Representative Elements |
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2.9 Radioactive Nuclei |
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2.10 Equations for Nuclear Reactions |
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2.11 Isotope Half-Life |
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2.12 Health Effects of Radiation |
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2.13 Measurement units for Radiation |
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2.14 Medican Uses of Radioisotopes |
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Chapter 3 Compounds: Combinations of Atoms |
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3.1 Noble Gas Electronic Structures |
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Octet Rule |
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Lewis Structures of Atoms |
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3.2 Ionic Bonding |
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Simple Ions |
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The Ionic Bond |
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3.3 Ionic Compounds |
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3.4 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds |
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3.5 The Structure of Ionic Compounds |
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3.6 Covalent Bonding |
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3.7 Naming Binary Covalent Compounds |
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3.8 Polyatomic Ions |
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3.9 The Polarity of Covalent Molecules |
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3.10 The Mole |
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3.11 Mole Calculations |
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Chapter 4 The States of Matter |
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4.1 Observing Properties of Matter |
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4.2 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter |
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4.3 Changes in State |
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4.4 Pressure and Temperature Measurements |
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4.5 The Gas Laws |
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4.6 The Gas Laws of Mixing and Diffusing |
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4.7 Energy and Changes in State |
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4.8 A Final Look at Water |
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Chapter 5 Chemical Reactions |
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5.1 Chemical Equations |
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Law of Conservation of Matter |
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Balanced Equations |
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5.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions |
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Decomposition Reactions |
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Single-Replacement Reactions |
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5.3 The Mole and Chemical Reactions |
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5.4 Reaction Rates |
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5.5 Molecular Collisions |
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Reaction Mechanism |
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Internal Energy |
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5.6 Energy Diagrams |
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5.7 Factors that Influence Reaction Rates |
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Catalysts |
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Inhibitors |
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5.8 Chemical Equilibrium |
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5.9 Factors that Influence the Position of Equilibrium |
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Le Chatelier's Principle |
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Chapter 6 Reactions in Solutions |
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6.1 Solutions |
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6.2 Solution Concentrations |
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6.3 Properties of Solutions |
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6.4 Acids and Bases |
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6.5 Reactions of Acids and Bases |
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6.6 The pH Concept |
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Chapter 7 Hydrocarbons |
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7.1 Carbon: The Element of Organic Compounds |
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7.2 Organic and Inorganic Compound Compared |
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7.3 Bonding Characteristics and Isomerism |
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7.4 Functional Groups: The Organization of Organic Chemistry |
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7.5 Alkane Structures |
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7.6 Alkane Nomenclature |
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7.7 Cycloalkanes |
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7.8 Properties of Alkanes |
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7.9 The Nomenclature of Alkenes |
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7.10 The Geometry of Alkenes |
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7.11 Properties of Alkenes |
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7.12 Aromatic Compounds |
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Chapter 8 Alcohols and Amines |
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8.1 The Nomenclature of Alcohols |
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8.2 Properties of Alcohols |
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8.3 Reactions of Alcohols |
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8.4 Phenols, Ethers, and Thiols |
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8.5 Amines |
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8.6 Properties of Amines |
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Chapter 9 Carbonyl Compounds |
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10.1 Aldehydes and Ketones |
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10.2 Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones |
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10.3 Carboxylic Acids |
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10.4 Properties of Carboxylic Acids |
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10.5 Esters |
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10.6 Amides |
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Chapter 10 Carbohydrates |
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10.1 Classes of Carbohydrates |
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10.2 The Stereochemistry of Carbohydrates |
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10.3 Fischer Projections |
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10.4 Monosaccharides |
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10.5 Properties of Monosaccharides |
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10.6 Important Monosaccharides |
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10.7 Disaccharides |
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10.8 Plysaccharides |
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Chapter 11 Lipids |
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11.1 Classification of Lipids |
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11.2 Fatty Acids |
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11.3 The Structure of Fats and Oils |
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11.4 Chemical Properties of Fats and Oils |
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11.5 Waxes |
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11.6 Phosphoglycerides |
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11.7 Sphingolipids |
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11.8 Biological Membranes |
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11.9 Steroids |
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11.10 Steroid Hormones |
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11.11 Prostaglandins |
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Chapter 12 Proteins |
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12.1 The Amino Acids |
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12.2 Zwitterions |
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12.3 Reactions of Amino Acids |
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12.4 Important Peptides |
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12.5 Characteristics of Proteins |
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12.6 The Primary Structure of Proteins |
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12.7 The Secondary Structure of Proteins |
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12.8 The Tertiary Structure of Proteins |
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12.9 The Quaternary Structure of Proteins |
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12.10 Protein Hydrolysis and Denaturation |
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Chapter 13 Enzymes |
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13.1 General Characteristics of Enzymes |
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13.2 Enzyme Nomenclature and Classification |
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13.3 Enzyme Cofactors |
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13.4 The Mechanism of Enzyme Actions |
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13.5 Enzyme Activity |
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13.6 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity |
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13.7 Enzyme Inhibition |
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13.8 The Regulation of Enzyme Activity |
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13.9 Medical Application of Enzymes |
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Chapter 14 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis |
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14.1 Components of Nucleic Acids |
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14.2 The Structure of DNA |
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14.3 DNA Replication |
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14.4 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) |
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14.5 The Flow of Genetic Information |
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14.6 Transcription: RNA Synthesis |
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14.7 The Genetic Code |
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14.8 Translation and Protein Synthesis |
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14.9 Mutations |
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14.10 Recombinant DNA |
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Chapter 15 Nutrition and Energy for Life |
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15.1 Nutritional Requirements |
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15.2 The Macronutrients |
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15.3 Micronutrients I |
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15.4 Micronutrients II |
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15.5 The Flow of Energy in the Biosphere |
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15.6 Metabolism and an Overview of Energy Production |
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15.7 ATP: The Primary Energy Carrier |
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15.8 Important Coenzymes in the Common Catabolic Pathway |
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Chapter 16 Carbohydrate Metabolism |
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16.1 The Digestion of Carbohydrates |
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16.2 Blood Glucose |
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16.3 Glycolysis |
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16.4 The Fates of Pyruvate |
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16.5 The Citric Acid Cycle |
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16.6 The Electron Transport Chain |
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16.7 Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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16.8 The Complete Oxidation of Glucose |
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16.9 Glycogen Metabolism |
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16.10 Gluconeogenesis |
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16.11 The Hormonal Control of Carbohydrate Metabolism |
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Chapter 17 Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism |
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17.1 Blood Lipids |
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17.2 Fat Mobilization |
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17.3 Glycerol Metabolism |
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17.4 The Oxidation of Fatty Acids |
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17.5 The Energy from Fatty Acids |
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17.6 Ketone Bodies |
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17.7 Fatty Acid Synthesis |
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17.8 Amino Acid Metabolism |
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17.9 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Fate of the Nitrogen Atoms |
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17.10 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Fate of the Carbon Skeleton |
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17.11 Amino Acid Biosynthesis |
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